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使用重组凝血因子VIII(FVIII)或含VWF的血浆来源的 FVIII进行低剂量免疫耐受诱导治疗效果相同: 一项来自中国的针对重型血友病A患儿的前瞻性队列研究

作者:李正萍 等 日期:2023-09-02 浏览量:464

第十一届北京罕见病学术大会暨2023京津冀罕见病学术大会征文(010)

首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院

李正萍,吴润晖

目的:对重型血友病ASHA)伴高滴度抑制物(HTI)患儿,比较使用重组凝血因子VIIIrFVIII)或含VWF的血浆来源的FVIIIpd-FVIII/VWF)进行低剂量免疫耐受诱导治疗(ITI)效果。

方法:在这项前瞻性队列研究中,所有入组患儿接受低剂量ITI治疗(FVIII 50IU/kg 隔日一次),FVIII种类包括rFVIIIpd-FVIII/VWF。成功定义为连续两次抑制物转阴且回收率达标。

结果:30例患儿入组,15例使用rFVIII进行低剂量ITI治疗,15例使用pd-FVIII/VWF进行低剂量ITI治疗。两组患儿临床基线资料没有统计学差异(见表1)。截止数据统计,rFVIII-ITIITI治疗中位时间10.0个月,pd-FVIII/VWF-ITIITI治疗中位时间12.2个月。

对于所有入组患儿,两组取得相同的ITI成功率(rFVIII-ITI40% vs. pd-FVIII/VWF-ITI75%)。对于ITI治疗时间≥9个月的患儿,两组取得相同的ITI成功率(rFVIII-ITI50% vs. pd-FVIII/VWF-ITI64.3%)。同样在ITI治疗时间≥12个月的患儿中,两组也取得相同的ITI成功率(rFVIII-ITI55.6% vs. pd-FVIII/VWF-ITI58.3%)。(见表2

生存曲线提示两组患儿达到成功的时间没有统计学差异(中位时间,9.0vs. 11.9月)。(见图1

在含有3ITI预后危险因素的患儿中,使用rFVIII相较于pd-FVIII/VWF进行低剂量ITI治疗似乎有更高的成功率(100% vs. 0,受限于样本量没有进行统计学分析获得p值)。(见表3

结论:在中国,对于伴HTISHA患儿,使用rFVIIIpd-FVIII/VWF开展低剂量ITI治疗取得相似的ITI成功率及达成功时间。

对于含有3ITI预后危险因素的患儿,使用rFVIII相较于pd-FVIII/VWF进行低剂量ITI治疗似乎有更高的成功率,但需要更大样本量及更长ITI随访时间支持。

 

图表:

Table 1 Clinical characteristics at baseline

CharacteristicsMedian (range)

All

pd-FVIII/VWF

rFVIII

p

Age characteristics

 

 

 

 

Age at initial bleeding, m

8.0 (0.0, 72.0)

12.0 (5.0, 31.0)

6.0 (0.0, 72.0)

0.745

Age at initial FVIII exposure, m

13.5 (3.0, 120.0)

14.0 (5.0, 64.0)

13.0 (3.0, 120.0)

0.929

Age at inhibitor diagnosis, y

3.2 (0.1, 13.3)

3.3 (0.9, 8.9)

2.3 (0.1, 6.8)

0.034

Age at ITI-start, y

4.1 (1.3, 14.7)

5.2 (2.6, 14.7)

3.5 (1.3, 10.0)

0.047

Time from inhibitor-diagnosis to ITI-start, m

3.5 (0.2, 84.3)

1.5 (0.2, 76.5)

5.5 (0.2, 84.3)

0.577

ED at inhibitor-diagnosis

23.0 (3.0, 118.0)

30.0 (15.0, 118.0)

20.0 (3.0, 100.)

0.205

Inhibitor characteristics

 

 

 

 

Titer at inhibitor-diagnosis, BU/mL

14.9 (0.6, 198.0)

33.6 (3.6, 128.0)

10.0 (0.6, 198.0)

0.751

Pre-ITI titer, BU/mL

12.8 (1.0, 1024.0)

13.5 (1.0, 1024.0)

14.6 (1.7, 89.6)

0.235

Peak historical inhibitor titer, BU/mL

19.7 (1.0, 1024.0)

65.0 (3.6, 1024.0)

22.0 (5.7, 198.0)

0.250

Genetic background, N (%)

 

 

 

 

Family history of hemophilia (n = 26)

8 (30.8)

3 (27.3)

5 (33.3)

0.543

Family history of inhibitor (n = 26)

2 (7.7)

1 (9.1)

1 (7.7)

0.717

F8 genotype (n = 29)

 

 

 

0.653

High-risk

8 (25.6)

3 (20.0)

5 (35.7)

 

Medium-risk

15 (51.7)

9 (60.0)

6 (42.9)

 

Low-risk

6 (20.7)

3 (20.0)

3 (21.4)

 

Therapeutic sequences pre-inhibitor diagnosis, N (%)

 

 

 

0.966

pd-FVIII/VWF + OD

15 (50.0)

8 (53.4)

7 (46.7)

 

pd-FVIII/VWF + PR

6 (20.0)

3 (20.0)

3 (20.0)

 

rFVIII + OD

5 (16.7)

2 (13.3)

3 (20.0)

 

rFVIII + PR

4 (13.3)

2 (13.3)

2 (13.3)

 

ITI time, m

10.2 (3.1, 18.4)

12.2 (6.0, 18.4)

10.0 (3.1, 15.0)

0.004

IS, N (%)

13 (43.3)

5 (33.3)

8 (53.3)

0.500

Range, maximum - minimum; ITI, immune tolerance induction; ED, exposure days; BU/mL, Bethesda Units/mL; pd-FVIII/VWF, plasma-derived factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrate; rFVIII, recombinant factor VIII concentrate; OD, on-demand treatment; PR, prophylaxis (25 FVIII IU/kg three times weekly); y, years; m, months; F8 genotype risk-stratification based on the review article by Garagiola et al (Thromb Res. 2018;168:20-27).

 

Table 2 ITI outcomes by time of ITI and kinds of FVIII concentrate

Time of ITI, m

All patients, N

 

Success patients, N (%)

p

rFVIII

pd-FVIII/VWF

 

rFVIII

pd-FVIII/VWF

All

15

15

 

6 (40.0)

10 (66.7)

0.272

≥6

12

14

 

6 (50.0)

9 (64.3)

0.692

≥9

9

12

 

5 (55.6)

7 (58.3)

1.000

≥12

3

8

 

2 (66.7)

5 (62.5)

1.000

ITI, immune tolerance induction; pd-FVIII/VWF, plasma-derived factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrate; rFVIII, recombinant factor VIII concentrate; m, months.

 

Table 3 Success rate by number of poor-prognostic-factors per patient and time of ITI

Number of poor-prognostic-factors* per patient

Time of ITI, m

Success-N/all-N (%) §

pd-FVIII/VWF

rFVIII

1

all

3/4 (75.0)

2/5 (40.0)

≥6

3/4 (75.0)

2/4 (50.0)

≥9

2/3 (66.7)

2/2 (100.0)

2

all

3/3 (100)

3/5 (60.0)

≥6

3/3 (100)

3/5 (60.0)

≥9

3/3 (100)

2/4 (50.0)

3

all

0/4 (0)

1/3 (33.3)

≥6

0/4 (0)

1/1 (100)

≥9

0/4 (0)

1/1 (100)

ITI, immune tolerance induction; pd-FVIII/VWF, plasma-derived factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrate; rFVIII, recombinant factor VIII concentrate; m, months.

*Poor-prognostic-factors: immediate pre-ITI inhibitor titer ≥10 Bethesda Units (BU)/mL, peak historical inhibitor titer ≥100 BU/mL, peak inhibitor titer during ITI ≥100 BU/mL and the interval-time ≥2 years from inhibitor-diagnosis to ITI-start.

§ Success-N, the number of patients achieving success; all-N, the number of all patients.(图略)

Figure 1 The time to success by treatment group

Kaplan-Meier plot showed the time to success (negative inhibitor titer twice consecutively and FVIII recovery ≥66% of expected) was similar between treatment groups (median 9.0 months in rFVIII-ITI group vs. 11.9 months in pd-FVIII-ITI group).

ITI, immune tolerance induction; pd-FVIII/VWF, plasma-derived factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrate; rFVIII, recombinant factor VIII concentrate.